CONJUNCTION
Conjunctions are known as
connective/connectors or linking words. They join thoughts, actions and ideas,
as well as clauses and phrases. Conjunctions join different parts of a sentence
together.
There are three types of
conjunctions
1 Coordinating conjunctions,
2 Subordinating conjunctions and 3 Correlative conjunctions
1 COORDINATING
CONJUNCTIONS:
Coordinating conjunctions
like "and," "nor," or "so" link equal parts of a
sentence, be it words, phrases, or independent clauses.
The job of a coordinating
conjunction is to join two words, phrases, or independent clauses, which are
parallel in structure. There are seven coordinating conjunctions which are by
far the most common conjunctions, they are:
and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet.
EG: • He was late for
school, so he took a shortcut.
• Her favorite colors were purple and
red.
• She doesn't like coffee, nor does she
like tea.
2 SUBORDINATING
CONJUNCTIONS:
Subordinating conjunctions
such as "because", "since" and "after" link a
dependent clause to an independent clause, helping to show the relationship
between the two clauses and emphasize the main idea of the
freestanding/independent clause.
A subordinating conjunction
joins elements of an unparallel sentence structure. These elements are usually
a dependent clause and an independent clause. Most commonly used subordinating
conjunctions are: After, how, then, when, although, if, that, where, as, in
order that, though, which, as much as, inasmuch as, unless, while, because,
provided, until, who/whom, before, since, what, whoever/whomever.
EG: • Because it was
raining, we had to cancel the class picnic.
• The house was a mess after the crazy
party we had last night.
• He doesn't go skiing any more, since he
had the accident.
3 CORRELATIVE
CONJUNCTIONS:
Correlative conjunctions
work in pairs to join together words or phrases that have equal importance
within a sentence
, like
"either/or", "such/that" and "not only/but also".
A correlative conjunction uses
a set of words in a parallel sentence structure to show a contrast or to
compare the equal parts of a sentence. The words of correlative conjunctions
have a special connection between them. The correlative conjunctions are not
only - but also, either- or, neither - nor, both - and, not - but, whether -
or.
EG: • You can have either
chocolate or vanilla ice cream.
• He not only plays the guitar but also
the drums.
• Such was his strength that he was
easily able to move the fallen tree.
By the usages of
conjunctions in a sentence, They are classified under following forms:
1 ADDING – and, also, as well as, moreover,
too, furthermore, additionally
2 SEQUENCING – first, second, third, finally, next,
mean while, after, then, subsequently
3 ILLUSTRATING – for example, such as, for instance,
in the case of, as revealed by, illustrated by
4 CAUSING AND EFFECTS –
because, so, therefore, thus, consequently, hence
5 COMPARING – similarly, likewise, as with, like,
equally, in the same way,
6 QUALIFYING – but, however, although, unless,
except, apart from, as long as, if
7 CONTRASTING – whereas, instead of, alternatively,
otherwise, unlike, on the other hand
8 EMPHASISING – above all, in particular,
especially, significantly, indeed, notably
Now
we can learn the tamil meaning of each of the above mentioned terms
ADDING
சேர்த்தல்
1
and – மற்றும்
2
also – மேலும், தவிற, கூட
3
as well as – அத்துடன்
4
more over – ஈன்னும், மேலும்
5
too - அதிகமாய், கூடவே
6
further more - மேலும் பல
7
additionally – கூடுதலாக
SEQUENCING
வரிசைபடுத்துதல்
1
first – முதலாவது
2
finally – இறுதியாக
3
next – அடுத்து
4
mean while – இதற்கிடையில்
5
after – அடுத்து, பிறகு
6
then – அப்பொழுது, பிறகு
7
sub-sequently – பின்னர்
ILLUSTRATING
விளக்குகிறது
1
for example – உதாரனத்திற்கு
2
such as – இது போல, போன்றவை
3
for incidence – உதாரனமாக
4
in the case of – விஷயத்தில்
5
as reveled by – வெளிப்படுத்தியபடி
6
illustrated by - விளக்கினார்
CAUSING
AND EFFECT விளைவு மற்றும் ஏற்படுத்தும்
1
Because –
ஏநெனில்
2
so – அதனால், அப்படி
3
therefore – எனவே, ஆகயால்
4
thus – இவ்வாறு, இப்படி
5
consequently – இதன்
விளைவாக
6
hence – எனவே,ஈப்பொதிருந்து
COMPARING
ஒப்பிடுகிறது
1
similarly – இதேபோல்
2
like vise – அவ்வாரே
3
as with – போல
4
like – அந்தவிதமான, போன்ற
5
equally – சமமான
6
in the same way – அதே வழியில்
QUALIFYING
– தகுதி
1
But – ஆனாலும், எனினும்
2
however – எப்படியாவது, ஆனபோதிலும்
3
although – இருப்பினும்
4
unless – தவிற, இல்லாவிடில்
5
Except – தவிற
6
apart from – தவிற, மேலும்
7
as long as – வரை
8
if – என்றால்
CONTRASTING
மாறுப்பட்டது
1
Where As –
அப்படி இருக்க, அதே சமயம்
2
instead of – அதற்கு பதிலாக
3
alternatively – மாற்று, வேறு வழியில்
4 otherwise –
இல்லையெனில்
5
unlike – வேறுவிதமான, போலிலாமல், மருபுறம்
6
on the other hand – மருபுறம்
8
controversy – மாறாக
EMPHASISING
வழியுறுத்துகிறது
1above
all –
அனைத்திற்க்கும் மேலே
2
in particular – குறிப்பாக
3
especially – தனிச்சிறப்புடைய
4
significantly – குறிப்பிடத்தக்க, கனிசமாக
5
indeed – உன்மையில், மெய்யாக
6
notably – குறிப்பாக
Let us see some examples:
1 I called him. He didn’t speak to me.
I called him but he didn’t speak to me
2 Finish your work. You will not be sent home.
Finish your work or you will not be sent home
3 You work hard. You can not score more marks.
Unless you work hard you can not score
more marks
4 Sita saw a snake. At once she ran away.
As soon as Sita saw a
snake, She ran away.
5 He ran away. He was afraid
He ran away because he was afraid
6 You tell them. I will come.
You tell them that I will come
7 Answer my question first. You proceed further.
Answer my question first before you proceed further